Abrams, Daniel M. & Steven H. Strogatz. 2003. "Modelling the dynamics of language death". Nature 424 (21 August 2003):900.

Batali, John. 1994. "Innate biases and critical periods: combining evolution and learning in the acquisition of syntax". Artificial Life IV ed. by R. Brooks and P. Maes. 160-171. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Cangelosi, Angelo & Domenico Parisi, eds. 2002. Simulating the Evolution of Language. Springer: London.

Cangelosi, Angelo, Alberto Greco and Stevan Harnad. 2002. "Symbol grounding and the symbolic theft hypothesis". In Cangelosi & Parisi, 2002, 191-210.

Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca & Marc Feldman, 1981. Cultural Transmission and Evolution. Princeton University Press: Princeton.

Cheng, Chin-Chuan. 1998. "Quantification for understanding language cognition". Quantitative and Computational Studies on the Chinese Language, ed. by Benjamin K. T`sou, Tom B. Y. Lai, Samuel W. K. Chan & William S-Y. Wang. 15-30. City University Press: Hong Kong.

Clark, R. and I. Roberts. 1993. "A computational model of language learnability and language change". Linguistic Inquiry. 24:299-345.

Deacon, Terrence W. 1997. The Symbolic Species: the Co-evolution of Language and the Brain. New York: W.W. Norton.

Dunbar, R. 1993. "Coevolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans". Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16:681-735.

Dugatkin, Lee Alan. 2000. The Imitation Factor : Evolution Beyond the Gene. New York: Free Press.

Freedman, David A. and William S-Y. Wang. 1996. "Language polygenesis: a probabilistic model". Anthropological Linguistics 104.2:131-138.

Gell-Mann, Murray. 1994. The Quark and the Jaguar. W. H. Freeman: New York.

Greenberg, J. H. (ed.).1963. Universals of Language. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Harnad, Stevan R., Horst D. Steklis, and Jane Lancaster. 1976. Origins and evolution of language and speech. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.

Hauser, Marc. 1996. The Evolution of Communication, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Hockett, C.F. 1960. "The origin of speech". Scientific American. Reprinted in Wang, ed. 1982.

Hurford, James R., Michael Studdert-Kennedy & Chris Knight, eds. 1998. Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive Bases. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

Hutchins, Edwin & Brian Hazlehurst. 1995. "How to invent a lexicon: the development of shared symbols in interaction". Artificial Societies: the Computer Simulation of Social Life, ed. by G. N. Gilbert & R. Conte. London: UCL Press.

Jakobson, Roman. 1941/1968. Child Language, Aphasia, and Phonological Universals. The Hague: Mouton.

Jowett, Benjamin, ed. and trans. 1953. The Dialogues of Plato, 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kauffman, Stuart A. 1995. At Home in the Universe: the search for laws of self-organization and complexity. New York: Oxford University Press.

Ke, Jinyun & Christophe Coupé. 2002a. "The fall and rise of homophones: a window to language evolution". Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Language Evolution. Harvard, March 27-30, 2002.

Ke, Jinyun, James W. Minett, Ching-Pong Au & William S.-Y. Wang. 2002b. "Self-organization and selection in the emergence of vocabulary". Complexity 7:4:1-14.

Komarova, Natalia L., Partha Niyogi & Martin A. Nowak. 2001. "The evolutionary dynamics of grammar acquisition". Journal of Theoretical Biology 209:43-59.

Lee, Sang-Oak, Hyung-Soo Kim & Ik-sang Eom. 2002. "The lexical diffusion of sound change in Korean and Sino-Korean". Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph 19.

Marler, P. 1987. "A comparative approach to vocal learning: song development in white-crowned sparrows". Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 71:1-25.

Meltzoff, A.N. 1996. "The human infant as imitative generalist: a 20-year progress report on infant imitation with implications for comparative psychology". Social Learning in Animals: the Roots of Culture. ed. by C.M. Heyes and B.G. Galef, 347370. San Diego: Academic Press.

Niyogi, Partha & Robert C. Berwick. 1997. "A dynamical systems model for language change". Complex Systems 11:161-204.

Noble, Jason & D. Cliff. 1995. "On simulating the evolution of communication". Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, ed. by Pattie Maes, Maja J. Mataric, Jean-Arcady Meyer, Jordan Pollack, and Stewart W. Wilson. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Nowak, Martin A., David C. Krakauer & A. Dress. 1999. "An error limit for the evolution of language". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B:266:2131-2136.

Nowak, Martin A., Joshua B. Plotkin, & David C. Krakauer. 1999. "The evolutionary language game". Journal of Theoretical Biology 200:147-162.

Nowak, Martin A., Natalia L. Komarova & Partha Niyogi. 2001. "Evolution of universal grammar". Science 291:114-118.

Ogura, Mieko. 1993. "The development of periphrastic do in English". Diachronica 10:1:51-85.

Ogura, Mieko & William S.-Y. Wang. 1996. "Snowball effect in lexical diffusion: the development of -s in the third person singular present indicative in English". English Historical Linguistics 1994 ed. by Derek Britton, 119-141. Amsterdam: John Benjamins

Schoenemann, P.Thomas. 1999. "Syntax as an emergent characteristic of the evolution of semantic complexity". Minds and Machines 9:309-346.

Schoenemann, P.Thomas and William S-Y.Wang. 1996. "Evolutionary principles and the emergence of syntax". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:646-7.

Shen, Zhongwei. 1990. "Lexical diffusion: a population perspective and a mathematical model". Journal of Chinese Linguistics 18:159-201.

Shen, Zhongwei. 1997. "Exploring the Dynamic Aspect of Sound Change". Journal of Chinese Linguistics, Monograph 11.

Sherman, Don. 1975. "Noun-stress alternation: an example of lexical diffusion of sound change in English". Linguistics 159:43-71.

Simon, Herbert A. 1962. "The architecture of complexity". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 106:467-482.

Steels, Luc. 1995. "Emergent Adaptive Lexicons". Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, ed. by Pattie Maes, Maja J. Mataric, Jean Arcady Meyer, Jordan Pollack, and Stewart W. Wilson. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Steels, Luc. 2002. "Grounding symbols through evolutionary language games". In Cangelosi & Parisi, 2002, 211-226.

Steels, Luc and F. Kaplan. 1998. Spontaneous lexicon change. Proceedings of COLING-ACL'1998, Montreal, 1243-1249.

Trask, Robert L. 1996. Historical Linguistics. London; New York: Arnold.

Tzeng, Ovid & William S.-Y. Wang. 1983. Search for a common neuro-cognitive mechanism for language and movements. American Journal of Physiology 246:R904-R911.

Wang, William S.-Y. 1969. Competing change as a cause of residue. Language 45:9-25.

Wang, William S.-Y. 1978. Explorations in Language Evolution. Diamond Jubilee Lecture, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India, Dec. 1978. Reprinted in William S.-Y. Wang. 1991. Explorations in Language. 105-131. Taipei: Pyramid Press.

Wang, William S-Y., ed. 1982. Human Communication: Language and its Psychobiological Bases : readings from Scientific American. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

Wang, William S-Y. 1989. Language in China: a chapter in the history of linguistics. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 17:2:183-222.

Wang, William S-Y. and Jinyun Ke. 2003. "Language heterogeneity and self-organizing consciousness," a commentary on "The self-organizing consciousness" by P. Perruchet and A. Vinter. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25.3:358-359.

Wilson, Edward O. 1972. "Animal communication". Scientific American 227 (September): 52-60.

Wray, Alison, ed. 2002. The Transition to Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.