de Bary, Heinrich Anton. 1879. Die Erscheinung der Symbiose: Vortrag gehalten auf der Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte zu Cassel. Straßburg: Verlag von Karl J. Trübner. .

van Beneden, Pierre Joseph. 1876. Die Schmarotzer des Thierreichs. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus. .

Bishop, Errett. 1967. Foundations of Constructive Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Blackmore, Susan. 1999. The Meme Machine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan. 1908. `De onbetrouwbaarheid der logische principes', Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte, 2: 152-158.

Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan. 1933. `Willen, weten, spreken', Euclides, 9: 177-193.

Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan. 1948. `Consciousness, philosophy and mathematics', pp. 1235-1249 in E.W. Beth, H.J. Pos and J.H.A. Hollack, eds., Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Philosophy (Amsterdam, August 11-18, 1948), Volume I, Fascicule II. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.

Changeux, Jean-Pierre. 1983. L'homme neuronal. Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard.

Darwin, Sir Charles Robert. 1871. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex (2 vols.). London: John Murray.

Dawkins, Richard. 1976. The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Delius, Juan D. 1991. `The nature of culture', pp. 75-99 in Marian Stamp Dawkins, Timothy R., Halliday and Richard Dawkins, eds., The Tinbergen Legacy. London: Chapman and Hall.

van Driem, George. 2000a. `De evolutie van taal: Beginselen van de biologische taalwetenschap', public lecture delivered in Paradiso, Amsterdam, 16 April 2000.

van Driem, George. 2000b. `The language organism: A symbiotic theory of language', paper presented at the Belgian-Dutch Workshop on the Evolution of Language held at the Atomium in Brussels, 17 November 2000.

van Driem, George. 2001a. Taal en Taalwetenschap. Leiden: Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies CNWS.

van Driem, George. 2001b. Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region with an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language (2 vols.). Leiden: Brill.

van Driem, George. forthcoming. The Language Organism.

Dummett, Michael. 1976. `What is a theory of meaning?', pp. 67-137 in G. Evans and J. McDowell, eds., Truth and Meaning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Edelman, Gerald M. 1987. Neural Darwinism: The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection. New York: Basic Books.

Elwin, Verrier. 1964. The Tribal World of Verrier Elwin. London: Oxford University Press.

Hebb, Donald Olding. 1949. The Organization of Behavior: A Neurophysiological Theory. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Hugo, Victor. 1856. Les contemplations (2 vols.). Bruxelles: Lebegue.

Kortlandt, Frederik Herman Henri. 1985. `A parasitological view of non-constructible sets', pp. 477-483 in Pieper and Stickel, eds., Studia linguistica diachronica et synchronica: Werner Winter sexagenario anno MCMLXXXIII gratis animis ab eius collegis, amicis discipulisque oblata. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Krause, Gottlob Adolf. 1885. `Die Stellung des Temne innerhalb der Bantu-Sprachen', Zeitschrift für afrikanische und oceanische Sprachen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Deutschen Kolonien, I: 250-267.

Pulvermüller, Friedemann. 2003. The Neuroscience of Language: On Brain Circuitsof Words and Serial Order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Quine, Willard Van Orman. 1987. Quiddities: An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Schuchardt, Hugo. 1919a. `Sprachursprung. I' (vorgelegt am 17. Juli 1919), Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, XLII: 716-720.

Schuchardt, Hugo. 1919b. `Sprachursprung. II' (vorgelegt am 30. Oktober 1919), Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, XLII: 863-869.

Semon, Richard Wolfgang. 1911 [1904] Die Mneme als erhaltendes Prinzip im Wechsel des organischen Lebens (dritte Auflage). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.