Angeline, P. J., Saunders, G. M., and Pollack, J. B. (1994). An evolutionary algorithm that constructs recurrent neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 5(1):54-65.

Arbib, M. A., Schweighofer, N., and Thach, W. T. (1994). Modelling the role of the cerebellum in prism adaptation. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Saunders and Pollack The Evolution of Communication Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 36-44, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

Arkin, R. C. (1992). Cooperation without communication: Multiagent schema-based robot navigation. Journal of Robotic Systems, 9(3):331-364.

Arkin, R. C. and Hobbs, J. D. (1993). Dimensions of communication and social organization in multi-agent robotic systems. In Meyer, J. A., Roitblat, H. L., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 486-493, Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.

Barto, A. G. (1990). Connectionist learning for control. In Miller-III, W. T., Sutton, R. S., and Werbos, P. J., editors, Neural Networks for Control, chapter 1, pages 5-58. MIT Press, Cambridge.

Beer, R. D. (1990). Intelligence as Adaptive Behavior: An Experiment in Computational Neuroethology, volume 6 of Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence. Academic Press, Inc.

Beer, R. D. (1992). A dynamical systems perspective on autonomous agents. Technical Report CES-92-11, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

Beer, R. D. and Gallagher, J. C. (1992). Evolving dynamical neural networks for adaptive behavior. Adaptive Behavior, 1(1):91-122.

Brooks, R. A. (1986). A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, 2(1):14-23.

Brooks, R. A. (1991a). Intelligence without representations. Artificial Intelligence, 47:139-159.

Brooks, R. A. (1991b). Challenges for complete creature architectures. In Meyer, J. A. and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 434-443. MIT Press.

Chandrasekaran, B. (1990). What kind of information processing is intelligence: A perspective on ai paradigms and a proposal. In Partridge, D. and Wilks, Y., editors, The foundations of artificial intelligence: A sourcebook, pages 14-46. Cambridge University Press.

Collins, R. J. and Jefferson, D. R. (1991). Representations for artificial organisms. In Meyer, J. A. and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 382-390, Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.

Collins, R. J. and Jefferson, D. R. (1992). Antfarm: Towards simulated evolution. In Langton, C. G., Taylor, C., Farmer, J. D., and Rasmussen, S., editors, Artificial Life II, pages 579-601. Addison-Wesley.

de Bourcier, P. and Wheeler, M. (1994). Signalling and territorial aggression: An investigation by means of synthetic behavioral ecology. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. Saunders and Pollack The Evolution of Communication W., editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 463-472, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

Deneubourg, J. L., Goss, S., Franks, N., Sendova-Franks, A., Detrain, C., and Chrétien, L. (1991). The dynamics of collective sorting: Robot-like ants and ant-like robots. In Meyer, J. A. and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 356-363. MIT Press.

Dennett, D. C. (1987). Intentional systems in cognitive ethology: The Panglossian paradigm defended. In The Intentional Stance, pages 237-286. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Donnart, J. Y. and Meyer, J. A. (1994). An hierarchical classifier system implementing a motivationally autonomous animat. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 144-153, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

Fodor, J. A. and Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1988). Connectionism and cognitive architecture: A critical analysis. Cognition, 28:3-71.

Fogel, D. B. (1992). Evolving Artificial Intelligence. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, San Diego.

Grefenstette, J. J. (1992). The evolution of strategies for multiagent environments. Adaptive Behavior, 1(1):65-90.

Harvey, I., Husbands, P., and Cliff, D. (1994). Seeing the light: Artificial evolution, real vision. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 392-401, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

Huberman, B. A. and Hogg, T. (1987). Phase transitions in artificial intelligence systems. Artificial Intelligence, 33:155-171. North-Holland Publishers.

Jefferson, D., Collins, R., Cooper, C., Dyer, M., Flowers, M., Korf, R., Taylor, C., and Wang, A. (1992). Evolution as a theme in artificial life: The Genesys/Tracker system. In Langton, C. G., Taylor, C., Farmer, J. D., and Rasmussen, S., editors, Artificial Life II: Proceedings of the Workshop on Artificial Life, pages 549-577. Addison-Wesley.

Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C. D., and Vecchi, M. P. (1983). Optimization by simulated annealing. Science, 220:671-680.

Kolen, J. F. (1994a). Explorations of Back-Propagation and the Computational Capabilities of Recurrent Neural Networks. Ph.D. thesis, Ohio State University.

Kolen, J. F. (1994b). Fool's gold: Extracting finite state machines from recurrent neural networks. In Cowan, J. D., Tesauro, G., and Alspector, J., editors, Advances in Neural Information Processing 6. Morgan Kaufmann. Saunders and Pollack The Evolution of Communication

MacLennan, B. (1992). Synthetic ecology: An approach to the study of communication. In Langton, C. G., Taylor, C., Farmer, J. D., and Rasmussen, S., editors, Artificial Life II, pages 631-658. Addison-Wesley.

MacLennan, B. and Burghardt, G. M. (1993). Synthetic ethology and the evolution of cooperative communication. Adaptive Behavior, 2(2):161-188.

Maes, P. (1991). Adaptive action selection. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.

Maes, P. (1992). Learning behavior networks from experience. In Varela, F. J. and Bourgine, P., editors, Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems: Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life, pages 48-57, Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.

Mataric, M. J. (1993). Designing emergent behaviors: From local interactions to collective intelligence. In Meyer, J. A., Roitblat, H. L., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 432-441, Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.

Mataric, M. J. (1994). Learning to behave socially. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 453-462, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

McDermott, D. (1981). Artificial intelligence meets natural stupidity. In Haugeland, J., editor,

Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence, chapter 5, pages 143-160. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, reproduced from SIGART Newsletter, No. 57, April 1976.

McFarland, D. (1994). Towards robot cooperation. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 440-444, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

Meyer, J. A. and Guillot, A. (1991). Simulation of adaptive behavior in animats: Review and prospect. In Meyer, J. A. and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 2-14, Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.

Meyer, J. A. and Guillot, A. (1994). From SAB90 to SAB94: Four years of Animat research. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 2-11, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

Pollack, J. B. (1990). Recursive distributed representations. Artificial Intelligence, 46:77-105.

Pollack, J. B. (1991). The induction of dynamical recognizers. Machine Learning, 7:227-252. Saunders and Pollack The Evolution of Communication

Robbins, P. (1994). The effect of parasitism on the evolution of a communication protocol in an artificial life simulation. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 431-439, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

Saunders, G. M., Kolen, J. F., and Pollack, J. B. (1994). The importance of leaky levels to behavior-based AI. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 275-281, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

Saunders, G. M., Angeline, P. J., and Pollack, J. B. (1994). Structural and behavioral evolution of recurrent networks. In Cowan, J. D., Tesauro, G., and Alspector, J., editors, Advances in Neural Information Processing 7, pages 88-95. Morgan Kaufmann.

Schmajuk, N. A. (1994). Behavioral dynamics of escape and avoidance: A neural network approach. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 118-127, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

Shannon, C. E. and Weaver, W. (1949). The Mathematical Theory of Communication. The University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois.

Steels, L. (1994). A case study in the behavior-oriented design of autonomous agents. In Cliff, D., Husbands, P., Meyer, J. A., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 445-452, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT Press.

Werner, G. M. and Dyer, M. G. (1992). Evolution of communication in artificial organisms. In Langton, C. G., Taylor, C., Farmer, J. D., and Rasmussen, S., editors, Artificial Life II, pages 659-687. Addison-Wesley.

Werner, G. M. and Dyer, M. G. (1993). Evolution of herding behavior in artificial animals. In Meyer, J. A., Roitblat, H. L., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 393-399, Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.

Winograd, T. and Flores, F. (1986). Understanding Computers and Cognition. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Yanco, H. and Stein, L. A. (1993). An adaptive communication protocol for cooperating mobile robots. In Meyer, J. A., Roitblat, H. L., and Wilson, S. W., editors, From Animals to Animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 478-485, Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.