Axelrod, R., and Hamilton, W. D. (1981). "The evolution of cooperation". Science, 211, 1390-1396.

Axelrod, R. (1984). The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basics Books. 172 Dessalles

Boesch, C. (1994). "Hunting strategies of Gombe and TaÏ Chimpanzees". In R. W. Wrangham, W. C. McGrew and F. B.M. de Waal (eds), Chimpanzee cultures. Harvard University Press, 77-91.

Cooper, B. and Wallace, C. (1998). "Evolution, partnerships and cooperation". Journal of Theoretical Biology, 195, 315-328.

Dawkins, R. (1976). Le gène égoïste. Editions Menges, ed. 1978.

de Waal, F.B.M. (1982). Chimpanzee politics: power and sex among apes. Baltimore : The John Hopkins Univ. Press, ed. 1989.

Dessalles, J-L. (1996). L'ordinateur génétique. Paris : Hermès.

Dessalles, J-L. (1998). "Altruism, status, and the origin of relevance". In J. R. Hurford, M. Studdert-Kennedy and C. Knight (eds), Approaches to the Evolution of Language Social and Cognitive Bases. Cambridge University Press, 130-147.

Dessalles, J-L. (to appear). "Language and hominid politics". In C. Knight, J. R. Hurford and M. Studdert-Kennedy (eds), The evolutionary emergence of language: social function and the origin of linguistic form (to appear). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Dugatkin, L. A. (1997). "The evolution of cooperation Four paths to the evolution and maintenance of cooperative behavior". Bioscience, 47(4.2), 355-362.

Dunbar, R. I. M. (1996). Grooming, gossip, and the evolution of language. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.

Ferriere, R. and Michod, R. E. (1996). "The evolution of cooperation in spatially heterogeneous populations". The american naturalist, 147(3.1).

Frean, M. (1996). "The Evolution of Degrees of Cooperation". Journal of Theoretical Biology, 182(2.6).

Goldberg, D. E. (1989). Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning. Addison Wesley Publishing Company.

Goodall, J. (1971). In the Shadow of man. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Company, ed. 1988.

Grafen, A. (1990). "Biological signals as handicaps". Journal of Theoretical Biology, 144, 517-546.

Hamilton, W. D. (1964). "The genetical evolution of social behavior". The Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1-16.

Jones, D. (1996). "Varieties of group selection". Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19(2.6), 778.

Key, C. and Aiello, L. (to appear). A prisoner's dilemma model of the evolution of paternal care.

Macy, M. W. and Skvoretz, J. (1998). "The evolution of trust and cooperation between strangers: a computational model". American Sociological review, 63, 638-660.

Nakamaru, M., Matsuda, H. and Iwasa, Y. (1997). "The Evolution of Cooperation in a Lattice-Structured Population". Journal of Theoretical Biology, 184(1).

Palmer, C. T., Fredrickson, B. E. and Tilley, Cristopher (1996). "Group selection or categorical perception?". Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19(2.6), 780.

Peck, J. R. (1993). "Friendship and the Evolution of Cooperation". Journal of Theoretical Biology, 162(2), 195-228. Coalition factor in the evolution of non-kin altruism 173

Trivers, R. L. (1971). "The evolution of reciprocal altruism". The Quaterly Review of Biology, 46.

Williams, G. C. (1966). Adaptation and natural selection: a critique of some current evolutionary thought. Princeton : Princeton University Press.

Wilson, D. S. and Sober, E. (1994). "Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral sciences". Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 585-654.

Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology: the new synthesis. Harvard University Press.

Wilson, E. O. (1978). On human nature. Cambridge, MA : Havard University Press.

Zahavi, A. (1995). "Altruism as a handicap the limitations of kin selection and reciprocity". Journal of Avian Biology, 26(1), 1-3.

Zahavi, A. and Zahavi, A. (1997). The handicap principle. New York : Oxford University Press.