David H. Ackley and Michael L. Littman. Altruism in the evolution of communication. In Rodney Brooks and Pattie Maes, editors, Proceedings of the Fourth Artificial Life Workshop, Cambridge, MA, 1994. The MIT Press.

John Batali. Alternative measures of fitness in the evolution of signaling systems. Forthcoming.

Andreas Blume, Yong-Gwan Kim, and Joel Sobel. Evolutionary stability in games of communication. Games and Economic Behavior, 5:547--575, 1993.

Dorothy L. Cheney and Robert M. Seyfarth. How Monkeys See the World: Inside the Mind of Another Species. University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Vincent P. Crawford and John Sobel. Strategic information transmission. Econometrica, 50(6):1431--1451, November 1982.

J. F. Crow and M. Kimura. 1970. An Introduction to Population Genetics. Harper & Row, 1970.

W. D. Hamilton. The genetical evolution of social behaviour, I & II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7:1--52, 1964.

B. Huberman and N. Glance. Evolutionary games and computer simulations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 90(16):7715--7718, 1993.

J. R. Hurford. Biological evolution of the Saussurean sign as a component of the language acquistion device. Lingua, 77:187--222, 1989.

Edwin Hutchins and Brian Hazelhurst. Learning in the cultural process. In C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer, and S. Rasmussen, editors, Artificial Life II: SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Volume X, pages 689--706, 1991.

John R. Krebs and Richard Dawkins. Animal signals: Mind-reading and manipulation. In J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davies, editors, Behavioral Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, chapter 15, pages 380--402. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, second edition, 1984.

David K. Lewis. Convention: A Philosophical Study. Harvard University Press, 1969.

J. Maynard Smith. The evolution of alarm calls. American Naturalist, 99, 1965.

J. Maynard Smith. Evolution and the Theory of Games. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982.

M. Moynihan. Control, suppression, decay, disappearance and replacement of displays. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 29:85--112, 1970.

M. Nowak and R. May. Evolutionary games and spatial chaos. Nature, 359:826--829, 1992.

Michael Oliphant. The dilemma of Saussurean communication. Forthcoming. Michael Oliphant. Evolving cooperation in the non-iterated prisoner's dilemma: The importance of spatial organization. In Rodney Brooks and Pattie Maes, editors, Proceedings of the Fourth Artificial Life Workshop, Cambridge, MA, 1994. The MIT Press.

Brian Skyrms. Evolution of the social contract. Forthcoming.

W. John Smith. Displays and messages in intraspecific communication. Semiotica, 1:357--369, 1969.

W. John Smith. The Behavior of Communicating: An Ethological Approach. Harvard University Press, 1977.

N. Tinbergen. Derived activities: Their causation, biological significance, origin and emancipation during evolution. Quarterly Review of Biology, 27:1-32, 1952.

Robert Trivers. The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46:33--57, 1971.

Karl W¨arneryd. Cheap talk, coordination, and evolutionary stability. Games and Economic Behavior, 5:532--546, 1993.

G. M. Werner and M. G. Dyer. Evolution of communication in artificial organisms. In C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer, and S. Rasmussen, editors, Artificial Life II: SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Volume X, pages 511--547, 1991.

Andrew Whiten, editor. Natural Theories of Mind: Evolution, Development and Simulation of Everyday Mindreading. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1991.

Edward O. Wilson. Sociobiology. Harvard University Press, 1975.