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Steels, L. (1999) The Spontaneous Self-organization of an Adaptive Language. In Koichi Furukawa and Donald Michie and Stephen Muggleton, editors, Machine Intelligence 15, pages 205--224. St. Catherine's College, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Paper at a Glance 

The Spontaneous Self­organization of
an Adaptive Language.
Luc Steels
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Pleinlaan 2, B­1050 Brussels, Belgium
E­mail: steels@arti.vub.ac.be
In: Muggleton, S. (ed.) (1996) Machine Intelligence 15.
Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
March 29, 1996
Abstract The paper studies how a group of distributed agents may sponta­ neously and autonomously develop a language to refer to other agents in their environment by engaging in a series of language games. The language is adaptive in the sense that it expands or adjusts to the entry of new agents and new meanings. The paper describes the lan­ guage formation mechanisms and details the results of computational simulations.
Keywords: origins of language, self­organization, distributed agents, open systems.
1 Introduction The paper proposes a set of mechanisms by which a group of distributed agents may develop autonomously a language for identifying other agents in their environment. The set of agents and the set of features used for 1 making distinctions are open­ended. The language autonomously adapts by the individual actions of agents with only local interactions. Concretely, three mechanisms are proposed: (1) Agents adopt word­ meaning associations from others and thus words propagate in the population, (2) Agents may generate a new word and associate it with an uncovered fea­ ture set, and (3) there is a positive feedback mechanism between the selection of a word in a conversation and the success so far in using that word, thus leading to self­organized coherence. The mechanisms have been implemented and validated in computational experiments. The emergent languages do not have the full complexity of natural languages, for example because there is no syntax. However they involve expressions with multiple words, expres­ sions with multiple meanings (ambiguity), and meanings with alternative expressions (synonymy). The research discussed here has primarily a scientific ...
BibTex
@inproceedings{steels99theSpontaneous,
  author={Luc Steels},
  title={The Spontaneous Self-organization of an Adaptive Language},
  year={1999},
  pages={205-224},
  address={St. Catherine's College, Oxford},
  editor={Koichi Furukawa and Donald Michie and Stephen Muggleton},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  booktitle={Machine Intelligence 15},
  note={Machine Intelligence Workshop: July 1995},
  url={http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/paper/steels99theSpontaneous.html},
  keywords={self-organization, evolutionary linguistics,language games}
}

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