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Paper at a Glance

Disambiguation and Grammar as Emergent
Soft Constraints
Risto Miikkulainen and Marshall R. Mayberry III
Department of Computer Sciences
The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TX 78712
risto,martym@cs.utexas.edu

Abstract When reading a sentence such as ''The diplomat threw the ball in the ballpark for the princess'' our interpretation changes from a dance event to baseball and back to dance. Such on­line disambiguation happens automatically and appears to be based on dynamically combining the strengths of association between the keywords and the two senses. Subsymbolic neural networks are very good at modeling such behavior. They learn word meanings as soft constraints on interpretation, and dynamically combine these constraints to form the most likely interpretation. On the other hand, it is very difficult to show how systematic language structures such as relative clauses could be processed in such a system. The network would only learn to associate them to specific contexts and would not be able to process new combinations of them. A closer look at understanding embedded clauses shows that humans are not very systematic in processing grammatical structures either. For example, ''The girl who the boy who the girl who lived next door blamed hit cried'' is very difficult to understand, whereas ''The car that the man who the dog that had rabies bit drives is in the garage'' is not. This difference emerges from the same semantic constraints that are at work in the disambiguation task. In this chapter we will show how the subsymbolic parser can be combined with high­level control that allows the system to process novel combinations of relative clauses systematically, while still being sensitive to the semantic constraints.
1 Introduction How do people arrive at an interpretation of a sentence? The thesis put forth by this chapter is that sentence processing is not a crisp symbolic process, but instead emerges from bringing together a number of soft constraints, such ...

@incollection{miikkulainen99disambiguationAnd,
  author={Risto Miikkulainen and Marshall R. Mayberry},
  title={Disambiguation and Grammar as Emergent Soft Constraints},
  year={1999},
  address={Hillsdale, NJ},
  editor={B. MacWhinney},
  publisher={Lawrence Earlbaum Associates},
  booktitle={Emergence of Language},
  url={http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/paper/miikkulainen99disambiguationAnd.html}
}

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